for OCR and Edexcel exam boards
Definition
“is a strong bond consisting of a shared pair of electrons”
Common properties include;
• Have low melting points (e.g. water) except for giant covalent structures
• Non-conductors
• May be insoluble in water
• Dissolve in organic solvents (e.g. ethanol)
A covalent bond forms between two non-metals when they share a pair of electrons. This happens because the negatively charged pair of electrons attract the positively charged nuclei. The electron pair will lie between the nuclei so that this attraction will exceed the repulsion of the positive nuclei. Now that the electrons are shared they are in molecular orbitals.
The diagram below is a dot-and cross-diagram of a water molecule
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